弹道跟踪数据野值剔除方法性能分析

弹道跟踪数据中的野值会影响导弹目标定位精度。对用于弹道跟踪数据的野值剔除方法进行了综述。结合事后和实时两大类处理模式,分析了各野值剔除方法在理论和工程应用上的优缺点,给出了实际应用时的限制因素,建立了野值判决准则和相应的野值剔除实现步骤。仿真结果表明:野值剔除方法可以有效提高弹道跟踪数据的精度。事后处理模式中,基于格拉布斯准则的野值剔除效果最佳;实时处理模式中,基于自适应门限的五点线性预报法野值剔除效果相对较好,且时间复杂度相对较低,适合实时处理。     

大型水陆两栖飞机侧风起降的滑流影响分析

大型水陆两栖飞机AG600的动力装置为安装在机翼上的4台同向旋转涡轮螺旋桨发动机，针对1：15缩比模型带动力风洞试验显示的螺旋桨滑流对侧风起降状态的偏航力矩不稳定影响，对全机带动力风洞试验模型进行了大规模并行非定常数值计算，再现了风洞试验现象，通过流动机理分析明确其产生原因主要是左侧滑时右外翼分离和垂尾背鳍涡破裂，这些原因和数值模拟的准确性也为后期的风洞试验所证实。考虑到模型风洞试验中尺度限制造成的低雷诺数和高螺旋桨转速，为保证飞行安全，继续采用该非定常方法对全尺寸飞机真实侧风起降状态进行了详细数值分析和偏航稳定性评估。研究结果显示，在飞行雷诺数和螺旋桨转速下，相同侧风范围内风洞试验显示的流动不稳定因素基本消失，偏航稳定性允许的侧风范围明显增加。本研究实现了四发螺旋桨飞机起降状态横向气动特性的滑流影响非定常数值分析，建立了基于计算流体力学的风洞与飞行雷诺数效应的相互关系，进行了偏航稳定性的虚拟试飞评估，研究成果也为AG600飞机的首飞和飞行试验所验证。     

我国超精密加工廉价化对策

提出了通过降低设备造价等技术措施和集中应用等管理措施来实现超精密加工的廉价化，以适应我国高技术发展需要     

超高速干气密封扰流效应及抑扰机制

干气密封在高速时优异的动压性能使其应用范围从传统的压缩机、离心机等中高速设备逐渐扩大到航空发动机、（微型）燃气轮机等超高速设备中。基于实际超高速工况特点，对转速范围为10 000~120 000 r/min时的干气密封性能进行了系统性仿真计算，结果发现：在一定几何参数和工况参数下，类似于气浮轴承的微振动现象，干气密封会出现疑似受气体压力波动流影响的开启力、泄漏量与转速非正相关变化的扰流现象，尤其在高压、大膜厚、小槽深时的扰流效应愈加显著；在转速持续增大过程中，干气密封微尺度流场会出现二次拐点现象，且一次拐点发生转速与设计参数有关，而二次拐点发生转速基本约为90 000 r/min。同时结合导流织构的设计思路，进一步研究了超高速下干气密封槽底导流织构的驱动导流效应，结果表明：加设导流织构后，承载效果明显提高，拐点发生工况延后且压力波动区域被压缩。表明导流织构具有良好的抑制扰流、维持开启力与转速持续正相关的作用，在此基础上，进一步阐释了导流织构的抑扰机制，以期为突破干气密封在超高速工况下的应用壁垒提供新思路。     

基于模糊单神经元PID的车载发射装置随动控制策略研究

对于车载防空武器系统而言,往往需要随动系统快速、高精度地跟踪目标,跟踪效果的优劣直接影响到武器系统作战效能的发挥。为提高随动装置的快速性和精度,提出一种将单神经元与模糊PID控制相结合的位置随动控制策略,应用机理分析和实验结合的方法建立随动系统数学模型,并运用Matlab中的Simulink进行仿真。仿真结果表明:所提出的随动控制策略,可以显著提高发射装置的静态、动态跟踪性能,验证了该随动控制策略的可行性。     

Multi-objective optimization of aircraft design for emission and cost reductions

Pollutant gases emitted from the civil jet are doing more and more harm to the environ- ment with the rapid development of the global commercial aviation transport. Low environmental impact has become a new requirement for aircraft design. In this paper, estimation method for emis- sion in aircraft conceptual design stage is improved based on the International Civil Aviation Orga- nization （ICAO） aircraft engine emissions databank and the polynomial curve fitting methods. The greenhouse gas emission （CO2 equivalent） per seat per kilometer is proposed to measure the emis- sions. An approximate sensitive analysis and a multi-objective optimization of aircraft design for tradeoff between greenhouse effect and direct operating cost （DOC） are performed with five geom- etry variables of wing configuration and two flight operational parameters. The results indicate that reducing the cruise altitude and Mach number may result in a decrease of the greenhouse effect but an increase of DOC. And the two flight operational parameters have more effects on the emissions than the wing configuration. The Pareto-optimal front shows that a decrease of 29.8% in DOC is attained at the expense of an increase of 10.8% in greenhouse gases.     

A discrete event systems approach to discriminating intermittent from permanent faults

Almost all work on model-based diagnosis （MBD） potentially presumes faults are per- sistent and does not take intermittent faults （IFs） into account. Therefore, it is common for diag- nosis systems to misjudge IFs as permanent faults （PFs）, which are the major cause of the problems of false alarms, cannot duplication and no fault found in aircraft avionics. To address this problem, a new fault model which includes PFs and IFs is presented based on discrete event systems （DESs）. Thereafter, an approach is given to discriminate between PFs and IFs by diagnosing the current fault. In this paper, the regulations of （PFs and IFs） fault evolution through fault and reset events along the traces of system are studied, and then label propagation function is modified to account for PFs and the dynamic behavior of IFs and diagnosability of PFs and IFs are defined. Finally, illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the proposed approach, and the analysis results show the fault types can be discriminated within bounded delay if the system is diagnosable.     

Investigations into sensing characteristics of circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors for gas path monitoring

Circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors are promising in gas path monitoring due to their advantages of non-intrusiveness and easy installation. The spatial sensitivity and filtering effect are two important performance parameters. In this paper, an analytically mathematical model of induced charge on a circular thin-plate electrode is first derived. Then the spatial sensitivity and filtering effect of the circular electrostatic sensor are investigated by numerical calculations. Finally,experimental studies are performed to testify the theoretical results. Both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors act as a low-pass filter in the spatial frequency domain, and both the spatial filtering effect and the temporal frequency response characteristics depend strongly on the spatial position and velocity of the charged particle. These conclusions can provide guidelines for the optimal design of circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors.     

绕圆头回转体通气空化流型的实验研究

为了深入了解通气空化流动现象,利用高速全流场显示技术,对绕圆头回转体通气空化流型进行实验研究。结果表明,重力效应和通气量对通气空化的多相流流型起主要作用。定义了弗洛德数和通气率两个无量纲数,将绕圆头回转体通气空化分为5种多相流流型,即透明空泡、透明气弹、透明分层、水气混合以及半透明水气混合。流动参数对流型的影响分为2个阶段,即重力起主要作用阶段和重力效应不明显阶段。在重力起主要作用阶段,通气率一定时,随着弗洛德数的增大,附着弹体的空泡倾斜程度变小,弹体上表面的断裂空泡转变为贴着弹体壁面的稳定空泡;弗洛德数一定时,随着通气率的增大弹体上表面断裂空泡的尺度不断增大。在重力效应不明显阶段,通气率一定时,随着弗洛德数的增大,雷诺数变大,流场的湍流强度增大,空泡尾流区域水气交换的程度加剧;弗洛德数一定时,随着通气率的增大,通气空化数减小,绕弹体的云雾状空泡逐渐转变为透明空泡。最后,进一步分析了重力影响下透明空泡脱落的非定常过程,以及反向射流作用下云雾状空泡交替脱落的非定常过程。     

高温长期时效对一种镍基单晶合金拉伸和持久性能的影响

研究了高温长期时效对一种镍基单晶合金在室温条件下瞬时拉伸强度和在950℃/240MPa条件下持久性能的影响。结果表明:1000℃短期时效100h,合金室温拉伸强度σb与屈服强度σ0.2与时效前相比没有明显变化,时效超过500h后σb和σ0.2开始显著下降,时效超过1000h后,σb和σ0.2随时效时间延长下降幅度减小;短期时效100h和500h样品在950℃/240MPa条件下的持久寿命大幅度降低,延伸率快速上升,时效时间超过1000h后,持久寿命的下降幅度减小,合金的持久寿命与延伸率均趋于稳定。长期时效后γ'相形貌改变及γ/γ'相界面高密度位错网的破坏是时效后合金室温及高温持久性能持续降低的主要原因。